无论是Android亦或者Java中或多或少需要调用底层的一些命令,执行一些参数;
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此时我们需要用到Java的process来创建一个子进程,之所以是子进程是因为此进程依赖于发起创建请求的进程,如果发起者被Kill那个子进程也将Kill。
对于Process相信使用过的朋友一定不会陌生,它具有如下特点:
1.创建简单
2.控制难
3.容易导致无法创建子进程
4.如果是多线程那么很有可能造成内存溢出
以上现象如果你只是偶尔使用一次,创建一个进程或许你什么都没有感觉到,但是如果你使用了多线程,进行了大量的创建,以上问题你都会遇到。
相关:http://blog.csdn.net/qiujuer/article/details/38142273,http://blog.csdn.net/qiujuer/article/details/38086071
这两个星期一直在研究上面的问题,我要做的软件是在Android中进行TraceRoute,由于手机不可能完全Root所以不能采用JNI来发送ICMP请求的方式,最终只能使用创建进程方式进行;具体实现思路是:使用PING命令来PING百度等地址,在PING命令中加入TTL,得到每一次的IP地址,当IP地址与目标IP地址符合时退出,并且还需要单独PING一次每一跳的延迟和丢包。
单线程:PING 百度 TTL=1 =》 得到IP,PING IP 得到延迟丢包,改变TTL,进行下一次PING,直到所得到的IP与目标(百度)一样时停止。按照上面的思路一次需要创建两个子进程,一般到百度时TTL大约为12跳左右,所以就是2*12=24个子进程;如果是在单线程下简单明了,但是速度慢,整个过程大约需要1分钟左右。
多线程:同时发起3个线程进行3跳测试TTL=(1,2,3),测试完成后测试下一批数据TTL=(4,5,6),如果也是12跳的话,那么也是24个子进程,但是整体耗时将会为1/3.可见此时效率较高。
但是多线程需要考虑的是线程的同步问题,以及得到数据后的写入问题,这些赞不谈,只谈进程问题。经过我的测试假如现在测试100个网站的TraceRoute数据,在上层控制一次测试4个网站,底层实现并发3个线程,此时在一定时间内将会同时存在3*4个进程。按照平均每个网站12跳来算:12*2*100=240个子进程,需要的子线程为12*100=120个。
这个时候问题来了,假如现在程序子进程不正常了,遇到了一个一定的问题导致进程无法执行完成,此时你的现象是:一个子进程卡住,随后创建的所有子进程都卡住。假如最上层线程做了任务时间限制,那么到时间后将会尝试销毁,但是你会发现无法销毁,所持有的线程也不会销毁。但是上层以为销毁掉了,然后继续进行下一批的数据测试,此时你的线程数量会逐渐增加,如果100任务下来你的线程或许会达到3*4*100=1200如果有前期没有这样的情况那个就是一半:600个线程左右,如果后期还有任务将会继续增加但是却永远不会销毁,但是我们知道JVM的内存是有限的,所以此时将会出现内存溢出。
以上就是我遇到的问题,我***改为了等待线程完全返回后再进行下一批数据测试,此时内存溢出是解决了,但是任务却一直卡住在哪里了,永远也不走。我就在想要解决这一的问题需要解决根本上的问题才行,经过研究我发现在程序创建了子进程后JVM将会创建一个子进程管理线程:“ProcessManager”:
正常情况下该线程状态为Native,但是如果创建大量子进程后有可能会出现此线程为Monitor状态,过一段时间后所有创建子进程的线程状态也将会变为Monitor状态,然后将一直死锁,后面创建线程也是继续死锁,无法继续。
通过查看ProcessManager源码发现,其中启动了一个线程用于监听子进程状态,同时管理子进程,比如输出消息以及关闭子进程等操作,具体如下
- /**
- * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- package java.lang;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileDescriptor;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
- import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
- import java.util.Arrays;
- import java.util.logging.Logger;
- import java.util.logging.Level;
- /***
- * Manages child processes.
- *
- *
Harmony's native implementation (for comparison purposes):
- * http://tinyurl.com/3ytwuq
- */
- final class ProcessManager {
- /***
- * constant communicated from native code indicating that a
- * child died, but it was unable to determine the status
- */
- private static final int WAIT_STATUS_UNKNOWN = -1;
- /***
- * constant communicated from native code indicating that there
- * are currently no children to wait for
- */
- private static final int WAIT_STATUS_NO_CHILDREN = -2;
- /***
- * constant communicated from native code indicating that a wait()
- * call returned -1 and set an undocumented (and hence unexpected) errno
- */
- private static final int WAIT_STATUS_STRANGE_ERRNO = -3;
- /***
- * Initializes native static state.
- */
- static native void staticInitialize();
- static {
- staticInitialize();
- }
- /***
- * Map from pid to Process. We keep weak references to the Process objects
- * and clean up the entries when no more external references are left. The
- * process objects themselves don't require much memory, but file
- * descriptors (associated with stdin/out/err in this case) can be
- * a scarce resource.
- */
- private final Map
processReferences - = new HashMap
(); - /*** Keeps track of garbage-collected Processes. */
- private final ProcessReferenceQueue referenceQueue
- = new ProcessReferenceQueue();
- private ProcessManager() {
- // Spawn a thread to listen for signals from child processes.
- Thread processThread = new Thread(ProcessManager.class.getName()) {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- watchChildren();
- }
- };
- processThread.setDaemon(true);
- processThread.start();
- }
- /***
- * Kills the process with the given ID.
- *
- * @parm pid ID of process to kill
- */
- private static native void kill(int pid) throws IOException;
- /***
- * Cleans up after garbage collected processes. Requires the lock on the
- * map.
- */
- void cleanUp() {
- ProcessReference reference;
- while ((reference = referenceQueue.poll()) != null) {
- synchronized (processReferences) {
- processReferences.remove(reference.processId);
- }
- }
- }
- /***
- * Listens for signals from processes and calls back to
- * {@link #onExit(int,int)}.
- */
- native void watchChildren();
- /***
- * Called by {@link #watchChildren()} when a child process exits.
- *
- * @param pid ID of process that exited
- * @param exitValue value the process returned upon exit
- */
- void onExit(int pid, int exitValue) {
- ProcessReference processReference = null;
- synchronized (processReferences) {
- cleanUp();
- if (pid >= 0) {
- processReference = processReferences.remove(pid);
- } else if (exitValue == WAIT_STATUS_NO_CHILDREN) {
- if (processReferences.isEmpty()) {
- /**
- * There are no eligible children; wait for one to be
- * added. The wait() will return due to the
- * notifyAll() call below.
- */
- try {
- processReferences.wait();
- } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
- // This should never happen.
- throw new AssertionError("unexpected interrupt");
- }
- } else {
- /**
- * A new child was spawned just before we entered
- * the synchronized block. We can just fall through
- * without doing anything special and land back in
- * the native wait().
- */
- }
- } else {
- // Something weird is happening; abort!
- throw new AssertionError("unexpected wait() behavior");
- }
- }
- if (processReference != null) {
- ProcessImpl process = processReference.get();
- if (process != null) {
- process.setExitValue(exitValue);
- }
- }
- }
- /***
- * Executes a native process. Fills in in, out, and err and returns the
- * new process ID upon success.
- */
- static native int exec(String[] command, String[] environment,
- String workingDirectory, FileDescriptor in, FileDescriptor out,
- FileDescriptor err, boolean redirectErrorStream) throws IOException;
- /***
- * Executes a process and returns an object representing it.
- */
- Process exec(String[] taintedCommand, String[] taintedEnvironment, File workingDirectory,
- boolean redirectErrorStream) throws IOException {
- // Make sure we throw the same exceptions as the RI.
- if (taintedCommand == null) {
- throw new NullPointerException();
- }
- if (taintedCommand.length == 0) {
- throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
- }
- // Handle security and safety by copying mutable inputs and checking them.
- String[] command = taintedCommand.clone();
- String[] environment = taintedEnvironment != null ? taintedEnvironment.clone() : null;
- SecurityManager securityManager = System.getSecurityManager();
- if (securityManager != null) {
- securityManager.checkExec(command[0]);
- }
- // Check we're not passing null Strings to the native exec.
- for (String arg : command) {
- if (arg == null) {
- throw new NullPointerException();
- }
- }
- // The environment is allowed to be null or empty, but no element may be null.
- if (environment != null) {
- for (String env : environment) {
- if (env == null) {
- throw new NullPointerException();
- }
- }
- }
- FileDescriptor in = new FileDescriptor();
- FileDescriptor out = new FileDescriptor();
- FileDescriptor err = new FileDescriptor();
- String workingPath = (workingDirectory == null)
- ? null
- : workingDirectory.getPath();
- // Ensure onExit() doesn't access the process map before we add our
- // entry.
- synchronized (processReferences) {
- int pid;
- try {
- pid = exec(command, environment, workingPath, in, out, err, redirectErrorStream);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- IOException wrapper = new IOException("Error running exec()."
- + " Command: " + Arrays.toString(command)
- + " Working Directory: " + workingDirectory
- + " Environment: " + Arrays.toString(environment));
- wrapper.initCause(e);
- throw wrapper;
- }
- ProcessImpl process = new ProcessImpl(pid, in, out, err);
- ProcessReference processReference
- = new ProcessReference(process, referenceQueue);
- processReferences.put(pid, processReference);
- /**
- * This will wake up the child monitor thread in case there
- * weren't previously any children to wait on.
- */
- processReferences.notifyAll();
- return process;
- }
- }
- static class ProcessImpl extends Process {
- /*** Process ID. */
- final int id;
- final InputStream errorStream;
- /*** Reads output from process. */
- final InputStream inputStream;
- /*** Sends output to process. */
- final OutputStream outputStream;
- /*** The process's exit value. */
- Integer exitValue = null;
- final Object exitValueMutex = new Object();
- ProcessImpl(int id, FileDescriptor in, FileDescriptor out,
- FileDescriptor err) {
- this.id = id;
- this.errorStream = new ProcessInputStream(err);
- this.inputStream = new ProcessInputStream(in);
- this.outputStream = new ProcessOutputStream(out);
- }
- public void destroy() {
- try {
- kill(this.id);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Logger.getLogger(Runtime.class.getName()).log(Level.FINE,
- "Failed to destroy process " + id + ".", e);
- }
- }
- public int exitValue() {
- synchronized (exitValueMutex) {
- if (exitValue == null) {
- throw new IllegalThreadStateException(
- "Process has not yet terminated.");
- }
- return exitValue;
- }
- }
- public InputStream getErrorStream() {
- return this.errorStream;
- }
- public InputStream getInputStream() {
- return this.inputStream;
- }
- public OutputStream getOutputStream() {
- return this.outputStream;
- }
- public int waitFor() throws InterruptedException {
- synchronized (exitValueMutex) {
- while (exitValue == null) {
- exitValueMutex.wait();
- }
- return exitValue;
- }
- }
- void setExitValue(int exitValue) {
- synchronized (exitValueMutex) {
- this.exitValue = exitValue;
- exitValueMutex.notifyAll();
- }
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "Process[id=" + id + "]";
- }
- }
- static class ProcessReference extends WeakReference
{ - final int processId;
- public ProcessReference(ProcessImpl referent,
- ProcessReferenceQueue referenceQueue) {
- super(referent, referenceQueue);
- this.processId = referent.id;
- }
- }
- static class ProcessReferenceQueue extends ReferenceQueue
{ - @Override
- public ProcessReference poll() {
- // Why couldn't they get the generics right on ReferenceQueue? :(
- Object reference = super.poll();
- return (ProcessReference) reference;
- }
- }
- static final ProcessManager instance = new ProcessManager();
- /*** Gets the process manager. */
- static ProcessManager getInstance() {
- return instance;
- }
- /*** Automatically closes fd when collected. */
- private static class ProcessInputStream extends FileInputStream {
- private FileDescriptor fd;
- private ProcessInputStream(FileDescriptor fd) {
- super(fd);
- this.fd = fd;
- }
- @Override
- public void close() throws IOException {
- try {
- super.close();
- } finally {
- synchronized (this) {
- if (fd != null && fd.valid()) {
- try {
- ProcessManager.close(fd);
- } finally {
- fd = null;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- /*** Automatically closes fd when collected. */
- private static class ProcessOutputStream extends FileOutputStream {
- private FileDescriptor fd;
- private ProcessOutputStream(FileDescriptor fd) {
- super(fd);
- this.fd = fd;
- }
- @Override
- public void close() throws IOException {
- try {
- super.close();
- } finally {
- synchronized (this) {
- if (fd != null && fd.valid()) {
- try {
- ProcessManager.close(fd);
- } finally {
- fd = null;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- /*** Closes the given file descriptor. */
- private static native void close(FileDescriptor fd) throws IOException;
- }
#p#
在其中有一个“ native void watchChildren();”方法,此方法为线程主方法,具体实现可以看看JNI,在其中回调了方法:“ void onExit(int pid, int exitValue);” 在方法中:
- void onExit(int pid, int exitValue) {
- ProcessReference processRefe
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